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(17) Despite recent advances to improve radiofrequency coil sensitivities, (18) there are still limitations that impede detection of 19F drugs in vivo with 19F MRI or localized 19F MRS, while these methods will be essential to locate drugs within specific tissue and study their distribution in vivo. (16) TF inhibits the mitochondrial DHODH enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of the pyrimidine nucleotide precursor orotate necessary for DNA replication, including CNS-specific T cells that are key players in the MS pathology, thereby exerting its anti-inflammatory action in MS. (15) Recently, we detected teriflunomide (TF), a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor, in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) using nonlocalized 19F MRS. This study proposes SF 5 as a novel superior 19F MR reporter group for the MS drug teriflunomide.įluorinated drugs can be detected in vivo using 19F MR spectroscopy (MRS) methods. Instead, SF 5-substituted TF showed an improved capacity to inhibit T cell proliferation, indicating better anti-inflammatory activity and its suitability as a viable bioisostere in this context. Chemical modifications did not reduce pharmacological or biological activity as shown in the in vitro dihydroorotate dehydrogenase enzyme and T cell proliferation assays. The 19F MR SNR efficiency of three MRI methods revealed that SF 5-substituted TF has the highest 19F MR SNR efficiency in combination with an ultrashort echo-time (UTE) MRI method. Here, we compared the biological and pharmacological activities of different TF derivatives and their 19F MR properties (chemical shift and relaxation times). The value of the SF 5 bioisostere as a 19F MRI reporter group within a biological or pharmacological context is by far underexplored.

This revealed SF 5 as a superior alternative to the CF 3 group.

In the present study, we probed distinct modifications to the CF 3 group of TF to improve its SNR. Recently, we detected the fluorinated dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor teriflunomide (TF) noninvasively in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) using 19F MR spectroscopy (MRS). However, it bears the potential for label-free theranostic imaging. Fluorine ( 19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is severely limited by a low signal-to noise ratio (SNR), and tapping it for 19F drug detection in vivo still poses a significant challenge.

Allen carr easy way to quit smoking 47130